The exoscope in neurosurgery: an overview of the current literature of intraoperative use in brain and spine surgery

N Montemurro, A Scerrati, L Ricciardi… - Journal of Clinical …, 2021 - mdpi.com
Background: Exoscopes are a safe and effective alternative or adjunct to the existing
binocular surgical microscope for brain tumor, skull base surgery, aneurysm clipping and …

The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative “point of view”. A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects

L Ricciardi, KL Chaichana, A Cardia, V Stifano… - World neurosurgery, 2019 - Elsevier
Background The introduction of operative microscopes (OMs) is the most important
revolution in modern microneurosurgery, as a result of the implementation of lighting and …

Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures

JM Oertel, BW Burkhardt - World neurosurgery, 2017 - Elsevier
Background The authors describe the application of a new exoscope that offers 3-
dimensional (3D) visualization in cranial and spinal neurosurgery in detail. Methods Five …

Lessons learned using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope for spinal surgery

K Kwan, JR Schneider, V Du, L Falting… - Operative …, 2019 - journals.lww.com
BACKGROUND The operative microscope has significantly advanced modern
neurosurgical spine surgery but continues to be limited by high costs, suboptimal optics …

A high-definition 3D exoscope as an alternative to the operating microscope in spinal microsurgery

S Siller, C Zoellner, M Fuetsch, R Trabold… - … of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2020 - thejns.org
OBJECTIVE Since the 1970s, the operating microscope (OM) has been a standard for
visualization and illumination of the surgical field in spinal microsurgery. However, due to its …

VITOM 3D: preliminary experience in cranial surgery

Z Rossini, A Cardia, D Milani, GB Lasio, M Fornari… - World neurosurgery, 2017 - Elsevier
Background Optimal vision and ergonomics are important factors contributing to
achievement of good results during neurosurgical interventions. The operating microscope …

Comparison of operating microscope and exoscope in a highly challenging experimental setting

A Hafez, RHL Haeren, J Dillmann, A Laakso… - World Neurosurgery, 2021 - Elsevier
Background The use of a digital three-dimensional (3D) exoscope system in neurosurgery is
increasing as an alternative to the operative microscope. The objective of this study was to …

Exoscope use in spine surgery: a systematic review of applications, benefits, and limitations

VN Vattipally, K Jiang, C Weber-Levine, R Rosin… - World neurosurgery, 2024 - Elsevier
Background Exoscopes were recently developed as an alternative to the operative
microscope (OM) and endoscope for intraoperative visualization during neurosurgery. Prior …

[HTML][HTML] Comparative analysis of exoscope-assisted spine surgery versus operating microscope: a systematic review

J Iqbal, MM Covell, S Jabeen, A Nadeem… - World Neurosurgery …, 2024 - Elsevier
Background Limitations in the operative microscope (OM)'s mobility and suboptimal
ergonomics created the opportunity for the development of the exoscope. This systematic …

The Exoscope versus operating microscope in microvascular surgery: A simulation non-inferiority trial

G Pafitanis, M Hadjiandreou, A Alamri… - Archives of Plastic …, 2020 - thieme-connect.com
Background The Exoscope is a novel high-definition digital camera system. There is limited
evidence signifying the use of exoscopic devices in microsurgery. This trial objectively …