Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Sentinel prey can provide a direct, quantitative measure of predation under field conditions.
Live sentinel prey provides more realistic data but rarely allows the partitioning of the total …

Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

The strategies underlying different forms of protective coloration are well understood but little
attention has been paid to the ecological, life‐history and behavioural circumstances under …

A critical function of animal coloration is avoiding attack, either by warning predators or
reducing detectability. Evolution of these divergent strategies may depend on prey …

Warning signals are a striking example of natural selection present in almost every
ecological community–from Nordic meadows to tropical rainforests, defended prey species …

Individuals of many species are considered to rely on a single type of external appearance
to escape predation but there are many notable exceptions. To develop an ecological …

Organisms frequently gain advantages when they engage in signalling with individuals of
other species. Here, we provide a functionally structured framework of the great variety of …

Body shape and color patterns of insect larvae are fundamental traits for survival. Typically,
transcription factors or members of signaling pathways... The genetic basis of body shape …

Niche diversity of pollinating insects plays a vital role in maintaining extant terrestrial
ecosystems. A key dimension of pollination niches refers to the insect proboscis length that …