Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

Highlights•The average annual honey bee colony failure rate is 30% per annum in North
America.•The frequencies and intensities of many chronic stressors of bees have …

Global loss of honey bee colonies is threatening the human food supply. Diverse pathogens
reduce honey bee hardiness needed to sustain colonies, especially in winter. We isolated a …

A progressive honey bee population decline has been reported worldwide during the last
decades, and it could be attributed to several causes, in particular to the presence of …

Antibiotics have been applied to honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives for decades to treat
Paenibacillus larvae, which causes American foulbrood disease and kills honey bee larvae …

Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) have experienced elevated rates of colony loss over
the past decade. Past studies have attempted to determine what factors are behind these …

Eusocial insect colonies form superorganisms, in which nestmates cooperate and use social
immunity to combat parasites. However, social immunity may fail in case of emerging …

The worldwide decline in honeybee colonies during the past 50 years has often been linked
to the spread of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and its interaction with certain honeybee …

Pesticide residues have been linked to reduced bee health and increased honey bee colony
failure. Most research to date has investigated the role of pesticides on individual honey …

Worldwide occurrences of honey bee colony losses have raised concerns about bee health
and the sustainability of pollination-dependent crops. While multiple causal factors have …