Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of
continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components
and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of
insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose …

Forkhead box (FOX) O proteins are transcription factors (TFs) with four members in
mammals designated FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. FOXO TFs play a pivotal role in …

Hepatic gluconeogenesis, de novo glucose synthesis from available precursors, plays a
crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis to meet energy demands during prolonged …

Although circular RNAs (circRNA) are known to modulate tumor initiation and progression,
their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains poorly understood. Here …

Fatty acid and fat synthesis in the liver is a highly regulated metabolic pathway that is
important for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and thus energy distribution to …

During insulin-resistant states such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin fails to
suppress hepatic glucose production but promotes lipid synthesis leading to hyperglycemia …