A series of hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted using Lushan shale cores (50
mm in diameter and 100 mm in length) to unravel the formation mechanism of fracture …

This work designs an experimental model of tight sandstone with a closed cemented pre-
existing fracture network (CCPF) to explore the influence of closed cemented natural …

Mineral grains serve as the basic units of rocks. Understanding rock materials at the grain-
scale level allows us to unveil the underlying fundamental mechanisms, thereby facilitating …

We conducted hydraulic fracturing (HF) experiments on 170 mm cubic granite specimens
with a 20 mm diameter central hole to investigate how fluid viscosity affects HF process and …

Acoustic emission (AE) is defined as high-frequency elastic waves emitted from defects such
as small cracks (microcracks) within a material when stressed, typically in the laboratory. AE …

The grain-scale heterogeneity of rock has been found to greatly affect the cracking
behaviour in mechanical tests. However, the heterogeneity has been insufficiently …

Deep shale gas reservoirs, compared to shallow and intermediate shale gas reservoirs,
usually exhibit lower fracture complexity, smaller stimulated volume, poorer conductivity, and …

Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) were used to characterize the
fracture process zone (FPZ) in Berea sandstone, a quasi-brittle material with a maximum …

In this paper, the results of laboratory studies of hydraulic fracture in homogeneous
sandstone blocks with man-made interfaces and heterogeneous shale blocks with weak …

Lower Paleozoic shale is an important hydrocarbon source rock and natural gas reservoir in
the Upper Yangtze Plate. In this study, compressive strength+ acoustic emission (AE), low …