To a large extent, cancer conforms to evolutionary rules defined by the rates at which clones
mutate, adapt and grow. Next-generation sequencing has provided a snapshot of the …

An increasing number of studies demonstrate the potential use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a
surrogate marker for multiple indications in cancer, including diagnosis, prognosis, and …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) provides clinical benefit to a subset of patients with
cancer. However, existing biomarkers do not reliably predict treatment response across …

In less than 10 years, melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the approval of
tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been shown to …

Improvements in genomic and molecular methods are expanding the range of potential
applications for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), both in a research setting and as a'liquid …

Abstract Treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma, and especially BRAF-
mutant melanoma, have changed dramatically in the past 5 years, with the FDA approval of …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Due to its complexity in
nature, effective breast cancer treatment can encounter many challenges. Traditional …

Testing peripheral blood for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive
opportunity to diagnose, characterize, and monitor the disease in individual cancer patients …

Melanoma is a cancer that exhibits one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous features.
The incidence rate escalates. A high number of clones harboring various mutations …

Various recent studies have focused on analyzing tumor genetic material released into the
blood stream, known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Herein, we describe current …