Over the past decade, knowledge of the pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes
has grown substantially, particularly with regard to disease prediction and heterogeneity …

Hypoglycemia is a common complication in patients with diabetes, mainly in those treated
with insulin, sulfonylurea, or glinide. Impairments in counterregulatory responses and …

Background Insulin icodec (icodec) is a basal insulin analogue suitable for once-weekly
dosing. ONWARDS 4 aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly icodec …

Importance Chronic diseases have overtaken acute diseases, such as infections, as the
major cause of premature mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic degenerative …

The treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus consists of external replacement of the functions of
β cells in an attempt to achieve blood levels of glucose as close to the normal range as …

Here, we review insulin management options and strategies in nonpregnant adult patients
with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Most patients with T1DM should follow a regimen of …

Peptides and proteins are widely used to treat a range of medical conditions; however, they
often have to be injected and their effects are short-lived. These shortcomings of the native …

Importance Hypoglycemia, common in patients with type 1 diabetes, is a major barrier to
achieving good glycemic control. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to coma or death. Objective …

Abstract Aims Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a new‐generation basal insulin with an ultra‐long
duration of action. We compared the pharmacodynamic (PD) variability of IDeg and insulin …

Aim Hypoglycaemia and the fear of hypoglycaemia are barriers to achieving
normoglycaemia with insulin. Insulin degludec (IDeg) has an ultra‐long and stable glucose …