The global trade disproportion results in the accumulation of containers in import-dominated
ports and shortages in export-dominated ports, causing congestion and high freight costs …

The use of shipping containers for the transport of goods has become indispensable and a
crucial factor for globalization by providing inexpensive and safe transport opportunities. It is …

In transportation via containers, unbalanced movement of loaded containers forces shipping
companies to reposition empty containers. This study addresses the problem of empty …

The aim of this article is to modify the parameters and thus the objective function of the
deterministic model of inventory theory so that other important aspects, which influence …

This study aims to use evolutionary hypergraphs to explore the dynamic evolution
mechanism of the shipping network. Firstly, an evolution model of the shipping network is …

Considering the influence of economies of scale and ship capacity on empty container
repositioning, using foldable containers and container leasing may be effective ways to save …

Approximately 20% of global container transportation activities are used for empty container
repositioning, which does not generate profit margins. For container supply ports, in addition …

Quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is an NP-hard problem. Because of this computational
complexity, various search processes have been developed and used in different heuristics …

Cooperation between container transport service providers can increase efficiency in the
logistics sector significantly. However, cooperation between competitors requires co …

The optimization of empty container repositioning nets has become an essential problem in
low-carbon port cooperation. This paper proposed three optimization models of multi-port …