Raptors have always fascinated mankind, owls for their highly sensitive vision, and eagles
for their high visual acuity. We summarize what is presently known about the eyes as well as …

As wind energy deployment increases and larger wind‐power plants are considered, bird
fatalities through collision with moving turbine rotor blades are expected to increase …

Ecological diversity among diurnal birds of prey, or raptors, is highlighted regarding their
sensory abilities. While raptors are believed to forage primarily using sight, the sensory …

Species considered raptors are subjects of monitoring programs, textbooks, scientific
societies, legislation, and multinational agreements. Yet no standard definition for the …

Frogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura) display diverse ecologies and behaviours, which are
often correlated with visual capacity in other vertebrates. Additionally, anurans exhibit a …

Avian mortality is one of the most negative impacts of wind energy. Consequently,
techniques that effectively reduce avian collision rates are necessary. One of such method is …

Birds, and especially raptors, are highly visual animals. Some of them have the highest
spatial resolving power known in the animal kingdom, allowing prey detection at distance …

Animals are thought to use achromatic signals to detect small (or distant) objects and
chromatic signals for large (or nearby) objects. While the spatial resolution of the achromatic …

Birds of prey especially eagles and hawks have a visual acuity two to five times better than
humans. Among the peculiar characteristics of their biological vision are that they have two …

Vision is an important sensory modality in birds, which can outperform other vertebrates in
some visual abilities. However, sensitivity to achromatic contrasts–the ability to discern …