Advancing age promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the
United States and many developed nations. Two major age-related arterial phenotypes …

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D
deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a …

Rationale: Cardiac aging is an important contributing factor for heart failure, which affects a
large population but remains poorly understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to …

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in aging, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney
disease (CKD). VC is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the CKD …

Vitamin D plays a classical hormonal role in skeletal health by regulating calcium and
phosphorus metabolism. Vitamin D metabolites also have physiological functions in …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent and, when present, is associated with major
adverse cardiovascular events. Vascular smooth muscle cells play an integral role in …

Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the
excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

A high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) and a high incidence of cardiovascular
events are two key complications of chronic kidney disease. Since most observational …

An elevated level of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is the earliest abnormality of
mineral metabolism in CKD. High FGF-23 levels promote left ventricular hypertrophy but not …

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based
endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and …