Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs), as a class of compounds widely found in plants, are
particularly abundant in grapes and blueberries. It is a polymer comprising many different …

Procyanidins (PCs) have emerged as agents with potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm
activities, although their mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationships remain …

Introduction The present study investigated the effects of bilberry anthocyanin (BA) on
immune function when alleviating Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in …

It has now been proven that many pathogens that cause infections and inflammation
gradually mutate and become resistant to antibiotics. Chemically synthesized drugs treating …

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance raises serious concerns worldwide. Probiotics
offer a promising alternative to enhance growth promotion in farm animals; however, their …

Society is becoming increasingly critical of animal husbandry due to its environmental
impact and issues involving animal health and welfare including scientific experiments …

Simple Summary Diarrhea, caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella
enterica, is a common health problem in pigs. Antibiotics are generally used for the …

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are bioactive polyphenols with varying distribution in plants. Most
dietary PACs are highly polymerized with limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract …

Simple Summary Salmonella species and Escherichia coli infections in pigs can result in
substantial economic losses and frequently necessitate antibiotic treatment. The misuse of …

In farm animals, intestinal diseases caused by Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli may
lead to significant economic loss. In the past few decades, the swine industry has largely …