This article discusses pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in European
countries with regard to their ability to ensure affordable access to medicines. A frequently …

Introduction: There is continued unmet medical need for new medicines across countries
especially for cancer, immunological diseases, and orphan diseases. However, there are …

The concept of adaptive licensing (AL) has met with considerable interest. Yet some remain
skeptical about its feasibility. Others argue that the focus and name of AL should be …

In the context of pharmaceutical care, policy-makers repeatedly face the challenge of
balancing patient access to effective medicines with affordability and rising costs. With the …

Background Cancer drugs challenge health-care systems because of their high prices. No
cross-country price comparison of cancer drugs for a large number of countries has been …

Managed entry agreements are a set of instruments used to reduce the impact of uncertainty
and high prices when introducing new medicines. This study develops a conceptual …

Background: In 1989, the concept of human gene therapies has emerged with the first
approved human gene therapy trial of Rosenberg et al. Gene therapies are considered as …

Across OECD countries, pharmaceutical spending reached around USD 800 billion in 2013,
accounting for about 20% of total health spending on average when pharmaceutical …

Introduction: The appreciable growth in pharmaceutical expenditure has resulted in multiple
initiatives across Europe to lower generic prices and enhance their utilization. However …

In recent years policy-makers in European countries have been increasingly concerned
about developments in the pharmaceutical sector that have been challenging the …