The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target
for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the …

Simple Summary Immunotherapies have revolutionized the field of cancer therapeutics, yet
a substantial subset of patients fail to respond. Recent efforts have focused on identifying …

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) using antibodies against PD1 and its
ligand PDL1 has prompted substantial efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although …

The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway has tremendous potential to improve anti-tumor
immunity by generating type I interferons. In recent decades, we have witnessed that …

The extracellular nucleoside adenosine reduces tissue inflammation and is generated by
irreversible dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mediated by the …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is indicative of terminal malignancy with a uniformly fatal
prognosis. Often, two distinct compartments of tumour microenvironment, the effusion and …

Abstract Ectodomain phosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) is overexpressed on
cancer cells and functions as an innate immune checkpoint by hydrolyzing extracellular …

Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family members (ENPP1–7)
have been implicated in key biological and pathophysiological processes, including …

Innate immune sensors that detect nucleic acids are attractive targets for therapeutic
intervention because of their diverse roles in many disease processes. In detecting RNA and …

Ectonucleotidases are key for purinergic signaling. They control the duration of activity of
purinergic receptor agonists. At the same time, they produce hydrolysis products as …