Research question The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature
devoted to elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest. Three research questions guided …

Purpose Celebrity endorsements are common, especially sports celebrities. Understanding
the impact such celebrities' social activism statements have on the brands the celebrities are …

US professional athletes increasingly have engaged in athlete activism. Such actions have
elicited a wide range of responses from sport fans, calling into question whether an athlete's …

Professional athletes increasingly use their popularity to speak out about political topics off
and on the field. However, only few studies explore how audiences react to political speech …

ABSTRACT Research Question Human brands are embedded in a web of social
relationships, and examining athlete brand dynamics holistically requires accounting for the …

Sport consumer decision making is a complex process in which an individual evaluates,
acquires, uses, or disposes of sport products or services. This qualitative study aimed to …

Athletes have again started to take a visible stance on various political and social issues,
which has stirred fierce controversies. Existing research has a strong US bias, and, to extend …

Purpose To measure the relationships between varieties of patriotism and fan reactions to
anthem-linked athlete activism and to test the effects of teammate allyship …

On June 26, 2019, US President Donald Trump took to Twitter to admonish USWNT co-
captain Megan Rapinoe. He implored her to win the tournament and to “never disrespect our …

On August 26, 2020, some of the best-known athletes in the world decided to act. Players
from the National Basketball Association's Milwaukee Bucks did not arrive for their playoff …