Response times (RTs) are a natural kind of data to investigate cognitive processes
underlying cognitive test performance. We give an overview of modeling approaches and of …

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the key literature on response time as it has
played a role in cognitive ability measurement, providing a historical perspective as well as …

Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) can pose a major threat to data quality
and, as such, to validity of inferences drawn from questionnaire data. A rich body of methods …

Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) on self‐report measures results in
responses that do not reflect the trait to be measured, thereby posing a major threat to the …

In low‐stakes assessments, test performance has few or no consequences for examinees
themselves, so that examinees may not be fully engaged when answering the items. Instead …

Careless responding is a bias in survey responses that disregards the actual item content,
constituting a threat to the factor structure, reliability, and validity of psychological …

Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) poses a major threat to the quality of
large-scale survey data. Traditional indicator-based procedures for its detection are limited …

To provide more refined diagnostic feedback with collateral information in item response
times (RT s), this study proposed joint modelling of attributes and response speed using item …

Complex interactive test items are becoming more widely used in assessments. Being
computer-administered, assessments using interactive items allow logging time-stamped …

Disengaged item responses pose a threat to the validity of the results provided by large-
scale assessments. Several procedures for identifying disengaged responses on the basis …