Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Recent far-reaching advances in synthetic biology have yielded exciting tools for the
creation of new materials. Conversely, advances in the fundamental understanding of soft …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

Optogenetic technologies have transformed our ability to precisely control biological
processes in time and space. Yet, current eukaryotic optogenetic systems are limited by …

Optogenetics is the genetic approach for controlling cellular processes with light. It provides
spatiotemporal, quantitative and reversible control over biological signaling and metabolic …

Light-inducible gene switches represent a key strategy for the precise manipulation of
cellular events in fundamental and applied research. However, the performance of widely …

Interrogation and control of cellular fate and function using optogenetics is providing
revolutionary insights into biology. Optogenetic control of cells is achieved by coupling …

The practices of synthetic biology are being integrated into 'multiscale'designs enabling two-
way communication across organic and inorganic information substrates in biological, digital …

Light has become established as a tool not only to visualize and investigate but also to steer
biological systems. This review starts by discussing the unique features that make light such …

The immune system distinguishes between self and foreign antigens. The kinetic
proofreading (KPR) model proposes that T cells discriminate self from foreign ligands by the …