Background Capnography has many uses in the emergency department (ED) and critical
care setting, most commonly cardiac arrest and procedural sedation. Objective of the …

Capnography has made steady inroads in the ICU and is increasingly used for all patients
who are mechanically ventilated. There is growing recognition that capnography is rich in …

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of the Cv-aCO 2/Da-vO 2 ratio combined with
lactate levels during the early phases of resuscitation in septic shock. Methods Prospective …

Background The passive leg-raising (PLR) maneuver provides a dynamic assessment of
fluid responsiveness inducing a reversible increase in cardiac preload. Since its effects are …

AIM: In animal and human studies, measuring the pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide
(PETCO2) has been shown to be a practical non-invasive method that correlates well with …

Purpose Cerebral blood flow (CBF) needs to be precisely controlled to maintain brain
functions. While previously believed to be autoregulated and near constant over a wide …

Background The identification of anaerobic metabolism in critically ill patients is a
challenging task. Observational studies have suggested that the ratio of venoarterial PCO 2 …

Background: End-tidal carbon dioxide (Petco 2) concentration is a marker of the
pathophysiologic state because it is a reflection of cardiac output. Petco 2 correlates with …

According to Fick's principle, the total uptake of (or release of) a substance by tissues is the
product of blood flow and the difference between the arterial and the venous concentration …

BACKGROUND Penetrating trauma patients in shock often require urgent operative
intervention. Studies have demonstrated that variables obtained in the emergency …