The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

Over the course of natural history, countless animal species have evolved adaptive
behavioral systems to cope with dangerous situations and promote survival. Emotional …

Depression and anxiety are diagnosed almost twice as often in women, and the
symptomology differs in men and women and is sensitive to sex hormones. The basolateral …

Auditory fear memory is thought to be maintained by fear conditioning-induced potentiation
of synaptic efficacy, which involves enhanced expression of surface AMPA receptor …

Compelling evidence suggests that major depression is associated with dysfunction of the
brain glutamatergic transmission, and that the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) …

The AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1 or GluR-A) contributes to amygdala-
dependent emotional learning. It remains unclear, however, to what extent different …

Although the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is essential for conditioned auditory fear
memory, an emerging theme is that plasticity in multiple brain regions contributes to fear …

The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in hippocampal synapses and
their relation with learning-memory abilities at different ages, and evaluate the effects of 2, 3 …

Chronic stress leads to heightened affective behaviors, and can precipitate the emergence
of depression and anxiety. These disorders are associated with increased amygdala activity …

Chronic stress exacerbates and can induce symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders.
Chronic stress causes amygdala hyperactivity, which may contribute to these detrimental …