Autophagy is a catabolic program that is responsible for the degradation of dysfunctional or
unnecessary proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mechanistically, it …

Hedgehog (Hh) pathway controls complex developmental processes in vertebrates.
Abnormal activation of Hh pathway is responsible for tumorigenesis and maintenance of …

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has emerged in recent years as an attractive target for anticancer
therapy because its aberrant activation is implicated in several cancers. Major progress has …

GLI transcription factors have important roles in intracellular signaling cascade, acting as the
main mediators of the HH-GLI signaling pathway. This is one of the major developmental …

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is characterized by poor responsiveness to current
chemotherapeutic drugs, usually owing to high resistance to apoptosis. Here, we …

Background: Autophagy has been implicated as a crucial component in spermatogenesis,
and autophagy dysfunction can lead to reproductive disorders in animal models, including …

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) often occurs after prolonged chemotherapy, leading to
refractory tumor and cancer recurrence. Autophagy as a primarily process during starvation …

Overexpression of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) has been reported in
several cancer types, and the CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has an important …

The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is highly activated in a variety of malignancies and
plays important roles in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastasis. Our …

Summary The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling
pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have …