Cellular associations in the bone microenvironment are involved in modulating the balance
between bone remodeling and resorption, which is necessary for maintaining a normal bone …

Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their
differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global disease that, despite extensive research, has limited treatment
options. Pet dogs share both an environment and lifestyle attributes with their owners, and a …

Background All fracture repairs start with the innate immune system with the inflammatory
response known as the inflammatory stage guided and driven by the secretion of chemokine …

The innate immune system consists of a variety of elements controlling and participating in
virtually all aspects of inflammation and immunity. It is crucial for host defense, but on the …

Background and purpose Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive bone resorption due
to enhanced osteoclast activation. Stimulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 …

Increased intracellular iron spurs mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration to satisfy high-
energy demand during osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activities. Transferrin …

Osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells and are indispensable
for bone resorption. Recent findings suggest that fetal yolk sac macrophage progenitors give …

Periodontitis is a chronic, inflammatory, and destructive disease caused by the imbalance of
host immune response and dental biofilm, and has strong epidemiological and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to
increased bone resorption. Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health …