Connectivity is a vital component of metapopulation and landscape ecology, influencing
fundamental processes such as population dynamics, evolution, and community responses …

Conservation needs places where nature is left wild; but only a quarter of coastal countries
have no-take Marine Reserves.'Marine Protected Areas'(MPAs) have been used to indicate …

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas
(MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the …

Increases in the demand and price for industrial metals, combined with advances in
technological capabilities have now made deep-sea mining more feasible and economically …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) were acknowledged globally as effective tools to mitigate the
threats to oceans caused by fishing. Several studies assessed the effectiveness of individual …

One of the aims of the United Nations (UN) negotiations on the conservation and
sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is to …

In the last two decades, increasing number of international agreements have challenged
traditional MPA design and management by calling for the implementation of large-scale …

New Zealand pioneered marine reserves, areas in the sea protected from all direct human
interference. The first reserve was proposed in 1965 and established in 1977. It has …

Abstract Background Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) encompass a range of protection
levels, from fully protected no-take areas to restriction of only particular activities, gear types …

The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management,
conservation, and restoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal …