Phage display technology can be used for the discovery of antibodies for research,
diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present and discuss key parameters …

Protein design has come of age, but how will it mature? In the 1980s and the 1990s, the
primary motivation for de novo protein design was to test our understanding of the …

Advances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein
sequences and structures on an enormous scale. However, the energetics driving folding …

Proteins fold into unique native structures stabilized by thousands of weak interactions that
collectively overcome the entropic cost of folding. Although these forces are “encoded” in the …

The application of single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) in medicine and biotechnology places
great demands on their stability. Only recently has attention been given to the production of …

Directed evolution is being used increasingly in academic and industrial laboratories to
modify and improve important biocatalysts. Significant advances during this period of review …

Since its first description in 1985, publications involving phage display have relied upon the
fact that the displayed entity, be it a peptide, protein, or antibody fragment, is physically …

Modern enzyme development relies to an increasing extent on strategies based on diversity
generation followed by screening for variants with optimised properties. In principle, these …

Studies that compare proteins from thermophilic and mesophilic organisms can provide
insights into ability of thermophiles to function at their high habitat temperatures and may …

The oral administration of peptide drugs is hampered by their metabolic instability and
limited intestinal uptake. Here, we describe a method for the generation of small target …