Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant unmet medical need despite significant
therapeutic advances. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and includes many cell types …

▪ Abstract Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that
many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such …

▪ Abstract The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a member of the IL-1 family that
binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. Two structural …

IL-1 is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs, both in
experimental animal models of disease and in human diseases. The IL-1 family consists of …

IL-1 (IL-1α or IL-1β) is the prototypic “multifunctional” cytokine. Unlike the lymphocyte and
colony stimulating growth factors, IL-1 affects nearly every cell type, and often in concert with …

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) in
patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Patients with active and severe RA (disease …

Interleukin (IL)-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in inflammation,
host defense, and the neuro-immuno-endocrine network. IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) is an …

This review has summarized information published over the last 5 years on the presence
and pathophysiologic role of IL-1 and TNF alpha in RA. The evidence to date shows that 5 of …

Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 1 percent of the US population and can cause irreversible
joint deformities and functional impairment. Although the cause of this autoimmune disease …

A significant body of experimental evidence has implicated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-
1 in the pathogenesis of RA. For example, IL-1β overexpression in rabbit knee joints causes …