Massively parallel sequencing has reduced the cost and increased the throughput of
genomic sequencing by more than three orders of magnitude, and it seems likely that costs …

The application of pharmacogenetics holds great promise for individualized therapy.
However, it has little clinical reality at present, despite many claims. The main problem is that …

Background Genetic variability among patients plays an important role in determining the
dose of warfarin that should be used when oral anticoagulation is initiated, but practical …

Based on pre-DNA racial/color methodology, clinical and pharmacological trials have
traditionally considered the different geographical regions of Brazil as being very …

Objectives: This study was designed to study racial/ethnic differences in the risk for
intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and the effect of warfarin on ICH risk among patients with …

Background and Purpose—The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the cornerstone
treatment for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, is limited by the perceived …

Genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase
(VKORC1) are known to influence warfarin dose, but the effect of other genes has not been …

Background—Pharmacogenetic-guided dosing of warfarin is a promising application of
“personalized medicine” but has not been adequately tested in randomized trials. Methods …

Background Genetic variants of the enzyme that metabolizes warfarin, cytochrome P-450
2C9 (CYP2C9), and of a key pharmacologic target of warfarin, vitamin K epoxide reductase …

Warfarin-dosing algorithms incorporating CYP2C9 and VKORC1− 1639G> A improve dose
prediction compared with algorithms based solely on clinical and demographic factors …