Protection against microbial infection in eukaryotes is provided by diverse cellular and
molecular mechanisms. Here, we present a comparative view of the antiviral activity of virus …

Since the discovery of antimicrobial peptide responses 40 years ago, the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster has proven to be a powerful model for the study of innate immunity. Early work …

In eukaryotic RNA-based antiviral immunity, viral double-stranded RNA is recognized as a
pathogen-associated molecular pattern and processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) …

Diverse eukaryotic hosts produce virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to direct
antiviral immunity by RNA interference (RNAi). However, it remains unknown whether the …

In antiviral RNA interference (RNAi), the DICER enzyme processes virus-derived double-
stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide ARGONAUTE …

Insects are infected by a wide array of viruses some of which are insect restricted and
pathogenic, and some of which are transmitted by biting insects to vertebrates. The medical …

Plants respond to virus infections by activation of RNA-based silencing, which limits infection
at both the single-cell and system levels. Viruses encode RNA silencing suppressor proteins …

In response to infection, invertebrates process replicating viral RNA genomes into siRNAs of
discrete sizes to guide virus clearance by RNA interference. Here, we show that viral siRNAs …

Arabidopsis thaliana defense against distinct positive-strand RNA viruses requires
production of virus-derived secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by multiple RNA …

In diverse eukaryotic organisms, Dicer-processed, virus-derived small interfering RNAs
direct antiviral immunity by RNA silencing or RNA interference. Here we show that in …