Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by unrelenting neurodegeneration,
which causes cumulative disability and is refractory to current treatments. Drug development …

Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

Recent transcriptomic, histological and functional studies have begun to shine light on the
fibroblasts present in the meninges, choroid plexus and perivascular spaces of the brain and …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS),
which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). In a minority …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with a relapsing–remitting disease
course at early stages, distinct lesion characteristics in cortical grey versus subcortical white …

B cells represent a relatively minor cell population within both the healthy and diseased
central nervous system (CNS), yet they can have profound effects. This is emphasized in …