Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune
system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes that do not express the type of diversified
antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells. ILCs are largely tissue-resident cells and …

Connections between the gut and brain monitor the intestinal tissue and its microbial and
dietary content, regulating both physiological intestinal functions such as nutrient absorption …

The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that
coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating …

The skin provides both a physical barrier and an immunologic barrier to external threats. The
protective machinery of the skin has evolved to provide situation-specific responses to …

Allergic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, are clinically characterized by severe
itching and type 2 immunity-associated hypersensitivity to widely distributed allergens …

Type 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as tissue-resident innate
correlates of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Recent studies suggest that ILCs are …

Signals from sympathetic neurons and immune cells regulate adipocytes and thereby
contribute to fat tissue biology. Interactions between the nervous and immune systems have …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with
microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has …

Emerging studies indicate that cooperation between neurons and immune cells regulates
antimicrobial immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis. For example, a neuronal …