Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

Objectives: Common origins for brain metastases (BMs) are melanoma, lung, breast, and
renal cell cancers. BMs account for a large share of morbidity and mortality caused by these …

Several inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-
L1) have been approved as a form of immunotherapy for multiple cancers. Ionizing radiation …

Purpose Therapeutic radiation has conflicting immune effects: radiation therapy (RT)-
induced immunogenic cell death can contribute to immune response, but lymphocytes are …

Radiotherapy (RT), the major anti-cancer modality for more than half of cancer patients after
diagnosis, has the advantage of local tumor control with relatively less systematic side …

Radiotherapy has been used for the treatment of cancer for over a century. Throughout this
period, the therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy has continuously progressed due to technical …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment over the past
decade. However, although the immune landscape suggests a strong rationale for the use of …

OBJECTIVE Concurrent use of anti-PD-1 therapies with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
have been shown to be beneficial for survival and local lesional control in melanoma …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) during cancer treatment is rarely
observed (< 5%). ICI-P is more often observed in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer …

Background Numerous oncology combination therapies involving modulators of the cancer
immune cycle are being developed, yet quantitative simulation models predictive of outcome …