Irrigation is considered the primary means of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal
system. The purpose of this review was to set the framework for the obstacles that irrigation …

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigating
methods in removing the smear layer at 1, 3, 5, and 8 mm from the apex of endodontic …

INTRODUCTION: This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference between
the use of 1.3% NaOCl/17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5.25 …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the level of erosion on root canal wall
dentin caused by immersion in different irrigant solutions in alternative sequences …

INTRODUCTION: The greatest reduction in microhardness of the most superficial layer of
dentin of the root canal lumen is desired. The use of chelating agents during biomechanical …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC)
of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), EDTA, and citric and phosphoric …

INTRODUCTION: The smear layer adheres to dentinal surface, thus occluding the dentinal
tubules. Because this layer disfavors the penetration of irrigant solutions and root canal …

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of SmearClear (Sybron Endo, Orange,
CA), 17% EDTA, and 10% citric acid in smear layer removal. Forty-eight extracted single …

INTRODUCTION: This study compared the efficacy of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa,
OK), 17% EDTA, and 42% citric acid in endodontic smear layer removal and degree of …

INTRODUCTION: Elimination of the smear layer after root canal instrumentation requires the
use of irrigating solutions. This cleaning can be completed with passive ultrasonic or sonic …