The complex landscape of cardiovascular diseases encompasses a wide range of related
pathologies arising from diverse molecular mechanisms and exhibiting heterogeneous …

Importance Many investigational drugs fail in late-stage clinical development. A better
understanding of why investigational drugs fail can inform clinical practice, regulatory …

The purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X 7 R) plays an important role in promoting inflammation in
response to accumulating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from …

Dramatically rising costs in drug development are in large part because of the high failure
rates in clinical phase trials. The poor correlation of animal studies to human toxicity and …

Phase II clinical studies represent a critical point in determining drug costs, and phase II is a
poor predictor of drug success:> 30% of drugs entering phase II studies fail to progress …

Background Numerous studies have estimated adverse effects of short-term exposure to
ambient air pollution on public health. Few have focused on sex-differences, and results …

Whilst we continue to wrestle with the immense challenge of implementing equitable access
to established evidence-based treatments, substantial gaps remain in our pharmacotherapy …

Heart failure (HF) patients experience a high burden of symptoms and functional limitations,
and morbidity and mortality remain high despite successful therapies. The majority of HF …

A fundamental process in the development and progression of heart failure is fibrotic
remodeling, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in …

Introduction: Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing new therapies. Databases like
ClinicalTrials. gov provide access to trial information, mainly covering the US and Europe. In …