Virtual reality (VR) technology had its earliest developments in the 1970s in the US Air Force
and has since evolved into a budding area of scientific research with many practical medical …

The current simulation technology used for neurosurgical training leaves much to be
desired. Significant efforts are thoroughly exhausted in hopes of developing simulations that …

Background Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become useful tools in various fields of
medicine. Prominent uses of VR technologies include assessment of physician skills and …

Even after making allowance for an unprecedented hype, it is an undeniable fact that, in the
coming decade, deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will cause a paradigm shift in the …

Simulation training plays a paramount role in medicine, especially when it comes to
mastering surgical skills. By simulating, students gain not only confidence, but expertise …

Objective Increased restrictions on working hours and the resultant decrease in theater time
coupled with greater scrutiny to demonstrate proficiency at surgical tasks has resulted in the …

Introduction Neurological disorders are one of the leading causes of death and disability
adjusted life years (DALYs). Efforts have been made to increase the neurosurgical workforce …

Background Endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is complex, requiring methodical and
unremitting surgical training. Herein, we describe the development and evaluation of a novel …

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all aspects of neurosurgery education,
and it is now challenging to conduct routine sessions. Maintenance of essential standard …

Background During the current global crisis unleashed by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak, surgical departments have considerably reduced the …