Cold exposure in humans causes specific acute and chronic physiological responses. This
paper will review both the acute and long-term physiological responses and external factors …

Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) in the finger tips generally occurs 5–10 min after the start
of local cold exposure of the extremities. This phenomenon is believed to reduce the risk of …

Continuous monitoring of the central blood pressure waveform from deeply embedded
vessels such as the carotid artery and jugular vein has clinical value for the prediction of all …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review presents an update and synthesis
of normal mechanisms of human cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to cold stress. It …

It is the position of the American College of Sports Medicine that exercise can be performed
safely in most cold-weather environments without incurring cold-weather injuries. The key to …

An initial response to whole-body or local exposure of the extremities to cold is a strong
vasoconstriction, leading to a rapid decrease in hand and foot temperature. This impairs …

Modern international military deployments in austere environments (ie, Iraq and
Afghanistan) place considerable physiological demands on soldiers. Significant …

Cold environments pose significant risks to human health, well-being, and productivity, with
hands being particularly vulnerable to cold stress and injuries. Mathematical models of hand …

Background: Cryotherapy (eg, ice pack) is prescribed commonly after oral surgery to inhibit
swelling and discomfort. However, there is a dearth of data concerning various aspects of …

Habituation is an adaptation seen in many organisms, defined by a reduction in the
response to repeated stimuli. Evolutionarily, habituation is thought to benefit the organism by …