Executive summary After more than a decade of major achievements, the AIDS response is
at a crucial juncture, both in terms of its immediate trajectory and its sustainability, as well as …

The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Background Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis is a promising approach for preventing
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heterosexual populations …

Background Contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART) and management strategies have
diminished both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure and the acquired …

Background The emergence and spread of high levels of HIV-1 drug resistance in resource-
limited settings where combination antiretroviral treatment has been scaled up could …

Background The effect of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance on the response to first-line
combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has not been assessed. We …

Background: A growing proportion of patients on antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited
settings have switched to second-line regimens. We carried out a systematic review in order …

Methods: We used STDSIM, a stochastic microsimulation model, and developed an
approach to represent HIV prevalence and treatment coverage in 43 countries in SSA, using …

Background: HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination
since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in Central Africa in the …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance may limit the
benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This cohort study examined patterns of drug …