Large-scale millennial length Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstructions have
been progressively improved over the last 20 years as new datasets have been developed …

Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to
characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated …

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to
placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present …

The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing
them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a …

Abstract The North Atlantic experiences climate variability on multidecadal scales, which is
sometimes referred to as Atlantic multidecadal variability. However, the relative contributions …

The warming of the global climate system is expected to result in significant socio-economic
stress, primarily through the occurrence of extreme weather and climate events, with the …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA) is known as one of the coldest stages of the Holocene. Most
records from the Northern Hemisphere show evidence of significantly colder conditions …

Data assimilation techniques are becoming increasingly popular for climate reconstruction.
They benefit from estimating past climate states from both observation information and from …

In recent decades, Europe has experienced more frequent flood and drought events.
However, little is known about the long-term, spatiotemporal hydroclimatic changes across …

Climatic variations at decadal scales such as phases of accelerated warming or weak
monsoons have profound effects on society and economy. Studying these variations …