TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed significant …

Retaining the delicate balance in cell signaling activity is a prerequisite for the maintenance
of physiological tissue homeostasis. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling is an …

Deregulation of cell signaling homeostasis is a predominant feature of cancer initiation and
progression. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which regulates …

The primary signalling pathway downstream of ligands of the transforming growth factor β
(TGF-β) superfamily is the Smad pathway. Activated receptors phosphorylate receptor …

Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is an important growth inhibitor of epithelial cells,
and insensitivity to this cytokine results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and can contribute to …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family members which include TGF‐βs, activins, and
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological responses on …

Altered expression of the TGF-β system is recognized to play a central role in various fibrotic
disorders, including leiomyoma. In this study we performed microarray analysis to …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multi-functional polypeptide that plays a critical
role in regulating a broad range of cellular functions and physiological processes. Signaling …

Müller glia are the resident radial glia in the vertebrate retina. The response of mammalian
Müller glia to retinal damage often results in a glial scar and no functional replacement of …

Mesangial cell activation is a predominant pathologic feature of diabetic nephropathy that
precedes the accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to glomerulosclerosis. For …