Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious aerosolizable intracellular pathogen that is
capable of causing a debilitating or fatal disease with doses as low as 25 colony-forming …

Tularemia is a zoonosis of humans caused by infection with the facultative intracellular
bacterium Francisella tularensis. Interest in F. tularensis has increased markedly in the past …

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are “innate” T cells that express an invariant T-
cell receptor α-chain restricted by the nonclassical MHC class I molecule MHC-related …

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that is crucially involved in a
wide range of infectious diseases. In several experimental models of bacterial, parasitic …

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular gram-negative pathogen and the
etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. Recent advances in the field of …

Mice immunised with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Francisella tularensis were protected
against challenge with the live vaccine strain (LVS). However, when similarly immunised …

The immune response to intracellular bacterium, Francisella tularensis, which causes
tularemia and is proposed to be a potential bioterrorism pathogen, has been studied in mice …

BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were challenged by aerosol or intradermally with low doses (∼
10–20 colony forming units) of virulent type A and type B strains of the facultative …

Studies of immune responses to Francisella have been conducted for well over 50 years.
Here, the basic parameters of innate and adaptive immune responses to Francisella are …

Intraperitoneal or intravenous infection of mice with Francisella tularensis LVS is lethal, with
an intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose (LD50) approaching a single bacterium. Intradermal (id) …