Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly people. Amyloid beta
(Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are the major pathological features in an …

Current technologies have changed biology into a data-intensive field and significantly
increased our understanding of signal transduction pathways in plants. However, global …

Inflammation is an essential immune response that helps fight infections and heal tissues.
However, chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it
is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of …

Three main inflammatory signaling pathways include nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), Janus
kinases/Signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (JAKs/STATs), and mitogen …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse cellular programs by
relaying extracellular signals to intracellular responses. In mammals, there are more than a …

Obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance and establishes the leading risk factor
for type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the molecular mechanisms of this association are poorly …

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the late diabetic complications in nerve, vascular
endothelium, and kidney arise from chronic elevations of glucose and possibly other …

The molecular details of mammalian stress-activated signal transduction pathways have
only begun to be dissected. This, despite the fact that the impact of these pathways on the …

PTEN is a tumor suppressor with sequence homology to protein tyrosine phosphatases and
the cytoskeletal protein tensin. mPTEN-mutant mouse embryos display regions of increased …