Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

To achieve the shift to renewable energies, efficient energy storage is of the upmost
importance. Hydrogen as a chemical energy storage represents a promising technology due …

Neodymium is a critical metal essential for advancing sustainable clean energy
technologies, as it is a crucial component in the manufacturing of NdFeB permanent …

Rare earth elements (REEs) including fifteen lanthanides, yttrium and scandium are found in
more than 250 minerals, worldwide. REEs are used in various high-tech applications across …

Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) containing Gd to Lu plus Y have a series of unique
physicochemical properties which endow them critical resources in many fields such as high …

The solar‐driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) into chemical fuels is a
promising route to enrich energy supplies and mitigate CO2 emissions. However, low …

Acid mine drainage (AMD) causes serious environmental pollution owing to its high acidity,
toxic metal content, and sulfate content. This review describes the mechanism of formation …

The challenge towards modern technologies has been enquiring and culminating in the
continuously expanding use of rare earth elements (REEs). The non-renewable primary …

Grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of multiple rare earths has proven effective in enhancing the
performance of permanent magnets, whereas the diffusion behaviors are still unclear due to …

Rare earth permanent magnets are essential in a plethora of electrical machine and
renewable energy. Nd-Fe-B magnets account for half of the market share of permanent …