Publisher Summary Quantum transport is conveniently studied in a two-dimensional
electron gas (2DEG) because of the combination of a large Fermi wavelength and large …

Following the discovery of the quantum Hall effect in 1980 metrologists were eager to
develop the effect as a resistance standard in a similar manner to the development, a …

In this introductory chapter several basic concepts, relevant for mesoscopic electron
transport, will be described. The aim is to provide a basis for several of the following …

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) provides an invariant reference for resistance linked to
natural constants. It is used worldwide to maintain and compare the unit of resistance. The …

Device analysis has traditionally been based on the semiclassical Boltzmann transport
equation. Despite its impressive successes, this approach suffers from an important …

We present an experimental and theoretical study of quantum ballistic transport in single
quantum point contacts (QPC's), defined in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of a …

Many magnetotransport experiments in two-dimensional electron systems have been
explained in recent years within the so-called edge-state model. Starting from a historical …

We analyze interference phenomena in the quantum-Hall analog of the Fabry-Pérot
interferometer, exploring the roles of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Coulomb interactions, and …

The authors review conductance effects in small samples at low temperatures where
quantum confinement and quantum interference are significant perturbations on the …

We present measurements showing dramatic nonlocal behavior in the four-terminal
resistances of a high-mobility quantum Hall conductor. These measurements illustrate that …