OBJECT Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is now increasingly
used for preoperative language mapping in patients with lesions in language-related areas …

OBJECTIVE Awake surgery combined with intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES)
and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is considered the gold standard for the resection …

Background Combining optical imaging and direct cortical stimulation can be a powerful
technique for high-resolution functional mapping of the cortex. However, stimulating …

Background During awake craniotomy for tumor resection, a neuropsychologist (NP) is
regarded as a highly valuable partner for neurosurgeons. However, some centers do not …

Diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking (DTI FT) is used to visualize subcortical fiber tracts.
Yet, there is no standard at hand to visualize language-involved subcortical fibers reliably …

Object: As various recent studies show, damage to white matter pathways leads to
permanent functional deficits in a high percentage of patients. Particularly the subcortical …

OBJECTIVE Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) in combination with
diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking (DTI FT) is increasingly used to locate subcortical …

OBJECTIVE Awake surgery represents the gold standard for resection of brain tumors close
to the language network. However, in some cases patients may be considered not eligible …

Introduction Awake craniotomy pursues a balance between extensive tumor resection and
preservation of postoperative language function. A dilemma exists in patients whose tumor …

Background Awake craniotomy is the standard of care for treating language eloquent
gliomas. However, depending on preoperative functionality, it is not feasible in each patient …