Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Classify
the chondrosarcoma subtypes. Engage in the diagnostic process of chondrosarcoma …

Publications relating radiation toxicity of the optic nerves and chiasm to quantitative dose
and dose–volume measures were reviewed. Few studies have adequate data for dose …

Particle beams like protons and heavier ions offer improved dose distributions compared
with photon (also called x-ray) beams and thus enable dose escalation within the tumor …

Publications relating brainstem radiation toxicity to quantitative dose and dose–volume
measures derived from three-dimensional treatment planning were reviewed. Despite the …

Chordomas are rare, slowly growing, locally aggressive neoplasms of bone that arise from
embryonic remnants of the notochord. These tumors typically occur in the axial skeleton and …

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of carbon ion
radiotherapy in chordomas of the skull base. Methods and Materials: Between November …

PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of spot-scanning-based proton
radiotherapy (PT) in skull-base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. METHODS AND …

Reliable treatment planning of highly conformal scanned ion beam therapy demands
accurate tools for the determination and characterization of the individual pencil-like beams …

BACKGROUND Chordomas are rare bone tumors arising from remnants of the embryonic
notochord. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from the Surveillance …

BACKGROUND Chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base are frequently
amalgamated because of similar anatomic location, clinical presentation, and radiologic …