The evolution of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal technique, which was initially
reserved only for sellar lesions through the sphenoid sinus cavity, has lead in the last …

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen human cadaver heads were dissected to evaluate the
surgical key steps and the advantages and limitations of the extended endoscopic …

OBJECTIVE: Transnasal endoscopic cranial base surgery is a novel minimal-access method
for reaching the midline cranial base. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak remains a …

BACKGROUND: Gross total resection (GTR) of cranial base chordomas represents a
surgical challenge because of the location, invasiveness, and tumor extension. In the past …

The transsphenoidal route is the most widely used technique for pituitary adenoma surgery
due to its rapidity, good tolerance, effectiveness and low complication rate. These are the …

OBJECTIVE: The widespread use of the endoscope in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has
recently contributed to the extension of the approach beyond the tuberculum sellae and …

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic cranial base surgery is a minimal access, maximally aggressive
alternative to traditional transfacial, transcranial, or combined open cranial base …

OBJECTIVE: The endoscope has recently been applied to the supradiaphragmatic
transsphenoidal approach, but only case reports dealing with different pathological features …

OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with endoscopic transsphenoidal or extended
endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches for the treatment of cranial base lesions such as …

✓ The history of the endoscope exemplifies the manner in which technological advances
influence medicine and surgery. Endoscopic systems have evolved and improved, and they …