Chloroplasts overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under unfavorable environmental
conditions, and these ROS are implicated in both signaling and oxidative damage. There is …

Abstract Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions, in which electrons move from a donor to an
acceptor, are the functional heart of photosynthesis. It is not surprising therefore that reactive …

Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis,
plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting …

The effect of various abiotic stresses on photosynthetic apparatus is inevitably associated
with formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, recent progress on …

Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the primary solar energy-conversion process that supports much
of life on Earth. It is initiated by photosystem II (PSII), an enzyme that extracts electrons from …

Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human
foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet …

Abstract Photosystem I (PS I) photoinhibition suppresses plant photosynthesis and growth.
However, the mechanism underlying PS I photoinhibition has not been fully clarified. In this …

Photosystem II (PSII) of photosynthesis catalyzes one of the most challenging reactions in
nature, the light driven oxidation of water and release of molecular oxygen. PSII couples the …

Within the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis
and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis …