Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest in the cell biology and biomedical
research fields. Many studies have reported the existence of EVs in all types of living cells …

The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is its dominant virulence factor and plays a key
role in the biology of this fungus. In this essay, we focus on the capsule as a cellular …

Pathogenic fungi are a major causative group for opportunistic infections (OIs). AIDS
patients and other immunocompromised individuals are at risk for OIs, which if not treated …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous, rounded vesicles released by prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells in their normal and pathophysiological states. These vesicles form a network …

Fungal cells change shape in response to environmental stimuli, and these morphogenic
transitions drive pathogenesis and niche adaptation. For example, dimorphic fungi switch …

Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen and its interaction with
macrophages is a key event determining the outcome of infection. Urease is a major …

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Rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria that evade antimicrobial autophagy in the host
cell cytosol by unknown mechanisms. Other cytosolic pathogens block different steps of …

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated pathogenic yeast that can change the size of
the cells during infection. In particular, this process can occur by enlarging the size of the …

Galleria mellonella larvae have been widely used as alternative non-mammalian models for
the study of fungal virulence and pathogenesis. The larvae can be acquired in small …