The gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a unique challenge to the mammalian immune
system. It must tolerate the presence of the luminal microbiota and thus not respond to their …

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with
the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between …

The intestinal epithelial tract forms a dynamic lining of the digestive system consisting of a
range of epithelial cell sub-types with diverse functions fulfilling specific niches. The …

Paneth cells are highly specialized epithelial cells of the small intestine, where they
coordinate many physiological functions. First identified more than a century ago on the …

With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for
alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect …

The past few years has witnessed a booming market of protein and peptide drugs, owing to
their superior efficiency and biocompatibility. Parenteral route is the most commonly …

Oral drug administration is one of the most preferred and simplest routes among both
patients and formulation scientists. Nevertheless, orally delivery of some of the most widely …

Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small
intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by …

Paneth cells (PCs) are terminally differentiated, highly specialized secretory cells located at
the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Besides their antimicrobial …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including defensins and cathelicidins, constitute an arsenal
of innate regulators of paramount importance in the gut. The intestinal epithelium is exposed …