BACKGROUND Hirsutism, defined by the presence of excessive terminal hair in androgen-
sensitive areas of the female body, is one of the most common disorders in women during …

Background: Hirsutism is defined as the presence of terminal hair with male distribution in
women, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common etiology of hirsutism …

Background Hirsutism has a relatively high prevalence among women. Depending upon
societal and ethnic norms, it can cause significant psychosocial distress. Importantly …

Background Transgender patients may seek nonsurgical methods for facial masculinization
and feminization as an adjunct or alternative to undergoing surgical procedures. Objectives …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex lifelong disorder with an etiology and
pathophysiology that is not yet entirely understood. Women with PCOS have clinical …

Excess male-pattern body hair in women is a very common and psychologically damaging
condition. Although its cause is usually a chronic and benign disorder (most commonly …

Unwanted facial hair is a relatively common problem that can be emotionally distressing.
Laser hair reduction has become the treatment of choice for removal of facial hair, replacing …

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, including lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender/gender diverse, questioning/queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) persons …

Putrescine plays a very important role in the regulation of division, differentiation and
maturation of cells as well as apoptosis. As the polycationic molecule it stabilizes the …

Background Photoepilation is the treatment of choice for hair removal in patients with
hirsutism, but it remains a challenge to prevent regrowth of hairs. Objectives The objective of …