Cells interact with their environment, communicate among themselves, track time and make
decisions through functions controlled by natural regulatory genetic circuits consisting of …

The current understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis implicates a
complex interaction between host genetics, host immunity, microbiome, and environmental …

Engineered biological systems such as genetic circuits and microbial cell factories have
promised to solve many challenges in the modern society. However, the artisanal processes …

The design and optimization of biological systems is an inherently complex undertaking that
requires careful balancing of myriad synergistic and antagonistic variables. However …

Centralized facilities for genetic engineering, or “biofoundries”, offer the potential to design
organisms to address emerging needs in medicine, agriculture, industry, and defense. The …

INTRODUCTION Modern computing is based on sequential logic, in which the state of a
circuit depends both on the present inputs as well as the input history (memory) …

When recombinant DNA technology was developed more than 40 years ago, no one could
have imagined the impact it would have on both society and the scientific community. In the …

Understanding how genotypes map onto phenotypes, fitness, and eventually organisms is
arguably the next major missing piece in a fully predictive theory of evolution. We refer to this …

Highlights•Combinatorial pathway optimization for microbial production is highlighted.•
Frequently applied methods for diversification are critically scrutinized.•Important heuristics …

Careful consideration of how we approach design is crucial to all areas of biotechnology.
However, choosing or developing an effective design methodology is not always easy as …