How sensory information is transformed by learning into adaptive behaviors is a
fundamental question in neuroscience. Studies of auditory fear conditioning have revealed …

Associative memory formation is essential for an animal's survival by ensuring adaptive
behavioral responses in an ever-changing environment. This is particularly important under …

A specific memory is thought to be encoded by a sparse population of neurons,. These
neurons can be tagged during learning for subsequent identification and manipulation …

This highly influential work--now in a revised and expanded third edition incorporating major
advances in the field--gives clinicians, educators, and students a new understanding of what …

The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

Over the course of natural history, countless animal species have evolved adaptive
behavioral systems to cope with dangerous situations and promote survival. Emotional …

The mechanisms that determine how information is allocated to specific regions and cells in
the brain are important for memory capacity, storage and retrieval, but are poorly …

Resilience refers to the ability to successfully adapt to stressors, maintaining psychological
well-being in the face of adversity. Recent years have seen a great deal of research into the …

Freezing is a species-typical defensive reaction to conditioned threats. While the neural
circuitry of aversive Pavlovian behavior has been extensively studied, less is known about …

A long-standing hypothesis termed “Hebbian plasticity” suggests that memories are formed
through strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons with correlated activity. In …