Allergen immunotherapy is a form of therapeutic vaccination for established IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity to common allergen sources such as pollens, house dust mites and the …

Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In
addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the …

Asthma is a chronic airway disease, which affects more than 300 million people. The
pathogenesis of asthma exhibits marked heterogeneity with many phenotypes defining …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a failure of
spontaneous resolution of inflammation. Although the pro-inflammatory cytokines and …

Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that
represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products …

Background Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR)
literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this …

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that responds rapidly to
environmental insult, has a critical role in initiating airway inflammatory diseases. However …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are distributed systemically and produce type 2
cytokines in response to a variety of stimuli, including the epithelial cytokines interleukin (IL) …

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people
worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million …

Abstract CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host
defense, but are also major contributors to pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory …