Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable property of cerebral neurons to change their
structure and function in response to experience, a fundamental theoretical theme in the …

Environmental enrichment (EE) and voluntary exercise (VEx) have consistently been shown
to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning ability. Although it …

A growing number of research publications have illustrated the remarkable ability of the
brain to reorganize itself in response to various sensory experiences. A traditional view of …

Brain changes in response to nerve damage or cochlear trauma can generate pathological
neural activity that is believed to be responsible for many types of chronic pain and tinnitus …

We know from animal studies that a stimulating and enriched environment can enhance
recovery after stroke, but little is known about the effects of an enriched sound environment …

Brain development is largely shaped by early sensory experience. However, it is currently
unknown whether, how early, and to what extent the newborn's brain is shaped by exposure …

Aging results in pervasive declines in nervous system function. In the auditory system, these
declines include neural timing delays in response to fast-changing speech elements; this …

The concept of 'cognitive reserve', and a broader theory of 'brain reserve', were originally
proposed to help explain epidemiological data indicating that individuals who engaged in …

Music is a highly complex and versatile stimulus for the brain that engages many temporal,
frontal, parietal, cerebellar, and subcortical areas involved in auditory, cognitive, emotional …

The beneficial effects of musical training are not limited to enhancement of musical skills, but
extend to language skills. Here, we review evidence that musical training can enhance …